Re mayor tchaikovsky biography

2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Performers and composers

Pyotr (Peter) Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Russian: Пётр Ильич Чайкoвский, Pëtr Il’ič Čajkovskij; listen ) ( 7 May [ O.S. 25 April]1840 – 6 November [ O.S. 25 October]1893), was a Russian composer of the Romantic era.

Although not a member of the group of Russian composers usually known in English-speaking countries as ' The Five', his music has come to be known and loved for its distinctly Russian character as well as for its rich harmonies and stirring melodies. His works, however, were much more western than those of his Russian contemporaries as he effectively used international elements in addition to national folk melodies.

Early life

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born on May 7, 1840 (by the Gregorian calendar; this was April 25 by the Julian calendar) in Votkinsk, a small town in present-day Udmurtia (at the time the Vyatka Guberniya under Imperial Russia). He was the son of Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, a mining engineer in the government mines, and the second of his three wives, Alexandra Andreyevna Assier, a Russian woman of French ancestry. He was the older brother (by some ten years) of the dramatist, librettist, and translator Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

Pyotr began piano lessons at the age of five, and in a few months he was already proficient at Friedrich Kalkbrenner's composition Le Fou. In 1850, his father was appointed director of the St Petersburg Technological Institute. There, the young Tchaikovsky obtained an excellent general education at the School of Jurisprudence, and furthered his instruction on the piano with the director of the music library.

Also during this time, he made the acquaintance of the Italian master

1878 concerto by Pyotr Tchaikovsky

The Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 35 was the only concerto for violin composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Composed in 1878, it is one of the best-known violin concertos.

The concerto was composed in Clarens, Switzerland, where Tchaikovsky was recovering from the fallout of his ill-fated marriage. The concerto was influenced by Édouard Lalo's Symphonie espagnole and was composed with the help of Tchaikovsky's pupil and probable former lover, Iosif Kotek. Despite Tchaikovsky's original intention to dedicate the work to Kotek, he instead dedicated it to Leopold Auer due to societal pressures. Auer, however, refused to perform it, and the premiere was given by Adolph Brodsky in 1881 to mixed reviews. The piece, which Tchaikovsky later rededicated to Brodsky, has since become a staple of the violin repertoire. The concerto has three movements, is scored for solo violin and orchestra, and typically runs for about 35 minutes.

History

The piece was written in Clarens, Switzerland, a resort on the shores of Lake Geneva, where Tchaikovsky had gone to recover from the depression brought on by his disastrous marriage to Antonina Miliukova. He was working on his Piano Sonata in G major but finding it heavy going. Presently he was joined there by his composition pupil, the violinist Iosif Kotek, who had been in Berlin for violin studies with Joseph Joachim. The two played works for violin and piano together, including a violin-and-piano arrangement of Édouard Lalo's Symphonie espagnole, which they may have played through the day after Kotek's arrival. This work may have been the catalyst for the composition of the concerto. Tchaikovsky wrote to his patroness Nadezhda von Meck, "It [the Symphonie espagnole] has a lot of freshness, lightness, of piquant rhythms, of beautiful and excellently harmonized melodies.... He [Lalo], in the same way as Léo Delibes and Bizet, does not strive after pr

"30. Chaikovsky and the Pantomime of Derision". Freedom From Violence and Lies: Essays on Russian Poetry and Music by Simon Karlinsky, edited by Robert P. Hughes, Richard Taruskin and Thomas A. Koster, Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press, 2013, pp. 346-356. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781618116765-031

(2013). 30. Chaikovsky and the Pantomime of Derision. In R. Hughes, R. Taruskin & T. Koster (Ed.), Freedom From Violence and Lies: Essays on Russian Poetry and Music by Simon Karlinsky (pp. 346-356). Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781618116765-031

2013. 30. Chaikovsky and the Pantomime of Derision. In: Hughes, R., Taruskin, R. and Koster, T. ed. Freedom From Violence and Lies: Essays on Russian Poetry and Music by Simon Karlinsky. Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press, pp. 346-356. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781618116765-031

"30. Chaikovsky and the Pantomime of Derision" In Freedom From Violence and Lies: Essays on Russian Poetry and Music by Simon Karlinsky edited by Robert P. Hughes, Richard Taruskin and Thomas A. Koster, 346-356. Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781618116765-031

30. Chaikovsky and the Pantomime of Derision. In: Hughes R, Taruskin R, Koster T (ed.) Freedom From Violence and Lies: Essays on Russian Poetry and Music by Simon Karlinsky. Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press; 2013. p.346-356. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781618116765-031

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Tchaikovsky’s Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 35, the only work for violin ever written by the Russian composer, is nowadays considered an immortal masterpiece, thanks to its touching lyricism and devilish difficulty. Intimately linked to its author’s existential crisis, the Violin Concerto represents the purest product of artistic sublimation. After a failed marriage (a likely reason for the composer’s suicide attempt in Moskova river’s icy w