Biography zakaria razi

Physician, philosopher, alchemist, musician, and mathematician, born in Rayy, Persia; called Rhazes in the West. He was born in the year 865 in the Persian city of Rayy, near present-day Tehran, and died in the same town about 925. Before learning medicine, he studied philosophy, alchemy, and music. At an early age he gained eminence as an expert in medicine and alchemy, and patients and students flocked to him from distant parts of Asia.

He was first placed in charge of the first Royal Hospital at Rayy, from where he soon moved to a similar position in Baghdad and became head of its famous Muqtadari Hospital. He moved from time to time to various cities, especially between Rayy and Baghdad, but finally returned to Rayy, where he died around 930 C.E. His name is commemorated in the Razi Institute near Tehran. He also served as physician at the Samanid court in Central Asia.

Razi wrote on many different subjects. His general medical textbook, Kitab al-Mansuri fi al-tibb (The Book of Medicine for Mansur) was written for the Samanid ruler of Rayy, Abu Salih al-Mansur. His voluminous working files of readings and personal observations were assembled posthumously by his students and circulated under the name Kitab al-Hawi fi al-tibb (The Comprehensive Book on Medicine). Over 1,000 of his case histories are also preserved today, and they provide an important insight into the working life of the greatest medieval clinician. Kitab al-Mansuri, which was translated into Latin in the 15th century C.E., comprised ten volumes and dealt exhaustively with Greco-Arab medicine. Some of its volumes were published separately in Europe. His al-Judari wal Hasabah was the first treatise on smallpox and chicken-pox, and was the first to draw clear comparisons between smallpox and chicken-pox. Al-Hawi was the largest medical encyclopaedia ever composed at the time, containing on each medical subject all important information that was a

865-925

Hakim

Sources

Renaissance Man . With the spread of Islam, a group of learned Muslim scholars developed whose renown spread from Baghdad to the universities of Europe. In the Muslim world such a scholar is called a hakim —a word that stems from hikmah (wisdom). A hakim was expected to be a scholar of religion and philosophy, a writer, a teacher, and a scientist. Since the focus of Muslim higher education was on medicine and law, it was assumed that all hakims were also competent physicians and judges. Known as Rhazes in the West, al-Razi has been called the unchallenged chief physician of the Muslims and the most brilliant genius of the Middle Ages. He wrote books about philosophy, logic, astronomy, mathematics, physics, medicine, and music.

Life . Al-Razi was born in 864 in Persia, near the present-day city of Tehran. He had a wide range of interests that included mathematics, music, philosophy, chemistry, ethics, and especially medicine. He was also an accomplished musician who specialized in playing the ud, which is a forerunner of the guitar. At an early age, al-Razi showed a strong interest in the healing arts. He traveled to the city of Baghdad, then the center of Muslim scholarship and medical studies. While in Baghdad, he wrote his best-known book, Kitab al-Mansuri (Book of Mansur), which he dedicated to the ruler who supported many of his scholarly efforts. Al-Razi eventually returned to Persia, where he died in 925. As al-Razi’s renown spread, many students traveled far distances to study medicine under him. Like the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, al-Razi urged the licensing and formal training of all those entering the medical field. He called on doctors to live, eat, and dress in a simple manner in order to serve as role models to their patients.

Writings . Al-Razi is said to have written 184 books, but only a few survive. He studied the writings of ancient Greek physicia

Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Al Razi was born in Al Rayy, a town on the southern slopes of El Burz mountains near present-day Tehran, Iran, in the year 865 AD (251 Hegira). His early interests were in music. He then started studying alchemy and philosophy. At the age of thirty, he stopped his work and experiments in alchemy due to eye irritation by chemical compounds he was exposed to. Among his discoveries in alchemy, he is credited with the discovery of sulfuric acid and ethanol.

His teacher in medicine was Ali Ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, a physician and philosopher born to a Jewish family in Merv, Tabaristan of modern-today Iran. Ibn Rabban converted to Islam during the rule of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mu’tasim who took him into the service of the court, in which he continued under the Caliph Al-Mutawakkil. Al-Razi studied medicine and probably also philosophy with Ibn Rabban. Therefore, his interest in spiritual philosophy can be traced to this master. Al Razi quickly surpassed his teacher, and became a famous physician. He was appointed as director of the hospital of his hometown Al Rayy during the reign of Mansur Ibn Ishaq Ibn Ahmad Ibn Asad of the Samanian dynasty. Al Razi’s fame reached to the capital of the Abbasids. He was called upon by Caliph Al Muktafi to be the chief director of the largest hospital in Baghdad. Al Razi is attributed with a remarkable method for selecting the site of a new hospital. When the Chief Minister of Al Muktafi, named Adhud Al Daullah, requested him to build a new hospital, he had pieces of fresh meat placed in various areas of Baghdad. A few days later, he checked the pieces, and he selected the area where the least rotten piece was found, stating that the “air” was cleaner and healthier there.

Following the death of Caliph Al-Muktafi in 907, Al Razi returned to his hometown Al Rayy. He was in charge of the hospital there and dedicated most of his time for teaching. It is said that he had several circles of students aro

10th-century Iranian physician and polymath

This article is about the 10th-century physician and polymath. For the 12th-century theologian and polymath, see Fakhr al-Din al-Razi. For other uses, see Razi (disambiguation).

Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (full name: أبو بکر محمد بن زکریاء الرازي, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī),c. 864 or 865–925 or 935 CE, often known as (al-)Razi or by his Latin name Rhazes, also rendered Rhasis, was a Persian physician, philosopher and alchemist who lived during the Islamic Golden Age. He is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of medicine, and also wrote on logic, astronomy and grammar. He is also known for his criticism of religion, especially with regard to the concepts of prophethood and revelation. However, the religio-philosophical aspects of his thought, which also included a belief in five "eternal principles", are fragmentary and only reported by authors who were often hostile to him.

A comprehensive thinker, al-Razi made fundamental and enduring contributions to various fields, which he recorded in over 200 manuscripts, and is particularly remembered for numerous advances in medicine through his observations and discoveries.^[4&