Nadim gemayel biography of williams

Lebanese politician (1905-1984)

This article is about a patriarch of a Lebanese family. For his grandson of the same name, see Pierre Amine Gemayel.

In this Lebanese name, the father's name is Amine and the family name is Gemayel.

Pierre Amine Gemayel, also spelled Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil (Arabic: بيار الجميّل; 6 November 1905 – 29 August 1984), was a Lebanese political leader. A Maronite Catholic, he is remembered as the founder of the Kataeb Party (also known as the Phalangist Party), as a parliamentary powerbroker, and as the father of Bachir Gemayel and Amine Gemayel, both of whom were elected to the presidency of the republic in his lifetime.

He opposed the FrenchMandate over Lebanon in the late 1930s and early 1940s, and advocated an independent state, free from foreign control. He was known for his deft political maneuvering, which led him to take positions which were seen by supporters as pragmatic, but by opponents as contradictory, or even hypocritical. Although publicly sympathetic to the Palestinian cause, he later changed his position due to Palestinian support of the Lebanese National Movement and its calls to end the National Pact and establish non-sectarian democracy.

Gemayel also had a career in football in the 1930s, captaining the Lebanon national team as a player. He also became the first Lebanese football referee to officiate matches internationally, and was the second president of the Lebanese Football Association, between 1935 and 1939.

Early life and education

Pierre Gemayel was born on 6 November 1905 in Bikfaya, Lebanon into a Maronite family. His father Amine Bachir Gemayel, known as Abou Ali, and his uncle were forced to flee to Egypt after being sentenced to death in 1914 for opposing Ottoman rule, returning to Lebanon only at the end of World War I.

Gemayel was educated at Jesuit school. He went on to study pharmacy at the French faculty

Lebanese politician and militia commander (1947–1982)

In this Lebanese name, the father's name is Pierre and the family name is Gemayel.

Bachir Pierre Gemayel (Arabic: بشير بيار الجميّل, pronounced[baˈʃiːrʒɪˈmajjɪl]; 10 November 1947 – 14 September 1982) was a Lebanese militia commander who led the Lebanese Forces, the military wing of the Kataeb Party, in the Lebanese Civil War and was elected President of Lebanon in 1982.

He founded and later became the supreme commander of the Lebanese Forces, uniting major Christian militias by force under the slogan of "Uniting the Christian Rifle". Gemayel allied with Israel and his forces fought the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Syrian Army. He was elected president on 23 August 1982, but was assassinated before taking office on 14 September, via a bomb explosion by Habib Shartouni, a member of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.

Gemayel is described as the most controversial figure in the history of Lebanon. He remains popular among Maronite Christians, where he is seen as a "martyr" and an "icon". Conversely, he has been criticized for committing alleged war crimes and accused of treason for his relations with Israel.

Early life

Bachir Pierre Gemayel was born in the Achrafieh neighborhood of Beirut on 10 November 1947, the youngest of six children. The Gemayel family originated from Bikfaya village in the Matn District of Lebanon and is one of the most influential Christian families in the country. He attended the JesuitCollège Notre Dame de Jamhour and the Institution Moderne du Liban (IML) – Fanar. He completed his university education at St. Joseph University (Université Saint-Joseph – USJ) in Beirut. After teaching for three years at the Lebanese Modern Institute, he graduated in 1971 with a bachelor's degree in law and another in political sciences in 1973. In 1971, Gemayel studied at The Center

Lebanese political and military leader Bashir Gemayel (1947-1982) served as the commander for the Lebanese Forces and, in 1982, was elected president of Lebanon. However, the charismatic yet ruthless Gemayel was assassinated only days before he was scheduled to assume office. During his rise to power, he established a covert relationship with Israel that led to that country's invasion of Lebanon in 1982. He also served as an informant for the United State's Central Intelligence Agency.

Bashir Gemayel was born into political power. His father was Sheikh Pierre Gemayel, a founder and main leader of the Lebanese Phalange (al-Kataeb alLubnaniah), the paramilitary organization that became a potent political force in Lebanon's national affairs. But because he was his family's youngest child among six children, Bashir Gemayel was not expected to rise to a position of prominence and power. Rather, it was anticipated that his brother, Amin, would precede him. However, by the time he was thirty-four years old, the charismatic Gemayel had defied expectations to become one of the most important leaders in Lebanon's history. In 1982, he became president of the country. Despite realizing an ambition that, at that point, had eluded both his father and his brother, he never served in that role as he was assassinated before he had a chance to assume office.

Bashir Gemayel was born on November 10, 1947 in Bikfaya, Lebanon, a mountain village near Beirut. He had four sisters and an older brother, Amin. The organization that their father founded, the Lebanese Phalange, was a right–wing organization that was primarily supported by Maronite Christians, even though it was officially considered secular. Its vision included the establishment of a strong Lebanese state.

While growing up, Bashir Gemayel benefited from an excellent education. He completed his primary and intermediate studies at Notre–Dame de Jamhour, a leading educational institution in Lebanon, and h

* Bashir Gemayel was born in Beirut, on November 10, 1947. He was the youngest of a family of six children: four girls and two boys. His home-town was Bikfaya in the caza of Metn. His father was Pierre Gemayel, founder and president of the Lebanese Kataeb party.

* He completed his primary and intermediate studies at “Notre-Dame de Jamhour” and his secondary studies at the Lebanese Modern Institute.

* In 1962, he joined the Kataeb party and became a member in the Kataeb Student Section

* In 1968, he participated in a student colloquium organized by the newspaper Orient, following the events which occurred in the universities between the leftist students supporting Palestinians in Lebanon and Lebanese and nationalist students.

* In 1970, Palestinian militants kidnapped him from Dekwaneh to the Tal el-Zaater camp and released him after 8 hours. This incident had an impact on his subsequent political positions.

* In 1970, he paid a visit to Egypt in response to an invitation addressed to him by Khaled Abdul-Nasser, the son of President Jamal Abdul-Nasser, with whom he met, and he was impressed by his personality.

* He received a degree in Law (1971) and a degree in Political Science (1973) from the Saint Joseph University in Beirut.

* During the course of his university studies, he taught for three years (1968 - 1971) Civil Education at the intermediate and secondary levels in the Lebanese Modern Institute.

* In 1971, he was appointed inspector in the Kataeb Regular Forces, which was the para-military branch of the Kataeb party.

He traveled the same year to Dallas, Texas to take a law course; he obtained in 1972 a degree from the American and International Law Academy.

* He joined the bar association and opened an office in Hamra street, in West Beirut (1972-1975).

* In 1973, he was appointed vice-president of the Kataeb Achrafieh sector.

In 1974, he founded the “B.G.” squad, the