Nadezhda krupskaya biography of donald

­­­Nadezhda Krupskaya was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary. A feminist who contributed to the women&#;s question, Krupskaya was also involved in establishing International Women’s Day. Her contributions to educational policy and theory were so immense that the Soviet Union, from , sponsored UNESCO Nadezhda K. Krupskaya literacy prize in her honor.

Krupskaya was born in St. Petersburg on February 26, Impoverished for most of her early life, she was aware of the injustices in the world. Krupskaya’s childhood was shaped by the revolutionary air of late century Russia. In the book, Bride of the Revolution: Krupskaya and Lenin, biographer Robert H. McNeal declares that Krupskaya’s early life and experiences naturally shaped her into a vital revolutionary: &#;She was virtually born to this vocation, the only child of a radical man and an emancipated woman. If Krupskaya&#;s life entitles her to be called the bride of the revolution, her birth entitles her to be called a daughter of the revolution.&#;

Krupskaya’s parents had gentry class origins yet were not wealthy. Both were progressives, influencing Krupskaya’s early interest in revolutionary politics. Education was one of her earliest passions. In her youth, she was particularly interested in Leo Tolstoy’s theory of democratic education, and her concern with education pushed her to enter the teaching profession. Before becoming involved in revolutionary politics, she worked as a governess for noble families. In , the combination of her studious nature and revolutionary spirit led to her involvement in an underground study group on Marxist theories. It is here that she met Vladimir Lenin. Shortly after meeting, Krupskaya and Lenin started organizing factory workers.

Following Lenin&#;s arrest in , Krupskaya was arrested in for her work organizing. Both were exiled to Siberia, where they married. Later, in , the couple moved to Geneva, where Krupskaya work

Nadezhda Krupskaya was the first Russian socialist to dedicate a whole pamphlet to the situation of women. Written in under the pen name Sablina, “The Woman Worker” drew a disturbing portrait of the fate of women under Russian capitalism and in the traditional peasant family. Krupskaya specifically called upon Russian women to take up the struggle against autocracy, and painted an evocative picture of the better world that was possible if they joined the working-class movement.

In many ways, Krupskaya’s life embodied her philosophy about collaborating with men for the greater cause, and while Lenin certainly gave her important responsibilities, he also relied on her to organize the couple’s domestic affairs. Although Krupskaya kept her maiden name, she took pride in dealing with all of the quotidian necessities of human existence and in caring for her temperamental and demanding husband.

It was in , while working in Saint Petersburg, that Krupskaya first met a certain young Marxist intellectual named Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, who later took the name Lenin. Having dropped out of the boring Bestuzhev courses, she attended several informal circles where different groups gathered to discuss literary and political works. Little is known about their initial romance because Lenin and Krupskaya remained silent on the issue throughout their lives. 

The events leading up to Krupskaya’s marriage to Lenin suggest that it served at least partially as a convenient cover for their political activities. During the years they attended or  taught in various political circles, the police surveilled them. Lenin was arrested in December of , but so minimal was the connection between him and Krupskaya that the police ignored her until May of , when they began surveilling her, and arrested her in August In the eight months between Lenin’s imprisonment and Krupskaya’s, they sent each other messages using “invisible” milk ink, a

Nadezhda Krupskaya has been described as &#;one of the of the most tragic figures in revolutionary history&#;. Sarah Collins examines her life and work as a Bolshevik activist.

Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya was a committed Bolshevik activist. She was, as Trotsky wrote in her epitaph, &#;the loyal companion of Lenin, an irreproachable revolutionist and one of the most tragic figures in revolutionary history&#;.

Krupskaya was born in to a mother who came from a family of landless Russian nobles, and a father who was a decommissioned Officer in the Russian army. The family had upper class origins, but were impoverished for most of Krupskaya&#x;s life. It is said that &#;from her very childhood (this) inspired (Krupskaya) with the spirit of protest against the ugly life around her&#;.

She expressed an interest in education from a young age, and was particularly drawn to Tolstoy&#x;s theory of democratic education. Krupskaya began to participate in several illegal discussion circles where she studied the theories of Marx. It was at one of these discussion circles that Krupskaya first met Lenin. She was an entirely committed Revolutionary by this point, which, as she later claimed, was the reason Lenin was drawn to her. &#;He could never have loved a woman with whose opinions he disagreed and who was not a comrade in his work&#;,she recalled rather submissively perhaps.

Between , Krupskaya worked offering evening classes on reading, writing and arithmetic. This provided contact with serious workers, which appealed to Krupskaya. She taught illegal classes with a revolutionary influence to those students who she regarded as ready for them. She learned a lot about the workers&#x; conditions in the factories during this time, which helped Lenin when writing his pamphlets and which she distributed to the factories.

Krupskaya&#x;s emphasis was always on &#;the problems of youth organisation and education&#;, but she was also