Arvo katajisto biography of barack obama

Published in final edited form as: Prog Retin Eye Res. Sep 5; doi: /eres

Abstract

Stem cell transplantation holds great promise as a potential treatment for currently incurable retinal degenerative diseases that cause poor vision and blindness. Recently, safety data have emerged from several Phase I/II clinical trials of retinal stem cell transplantation. These clinical trials, usually run in partnership with academic institutions, are based on sound preclinical studies and are focused on patient safety. However, reports of serious adverse events arising from cell therapy in other poorly regulated centers have now emerged in the lay and scientific press. While progress in stem cell research for blindness has been greeted with great enthusiasm by patients, scientists, doctors and industry alike, these adverse events have raised concerns about the safety of retinal stem cell transplantation and whether patients are truly protected from undue harm. The aim of this review is to summarize and appraise the safety of human retinal stem cell transplantation in the context of its potential to be developed into an effective treatment for retinal degenerative diseases.

1. Introduction

Inherited and age-related retinal degeneration are the main cause of currently untreatable blindness worldwide (Verbakel et al., ; Wong et al., ). Over 30 million people worldwide are affected by various forms of retinal degeneration (). Inherited forms of retinal degeneration often start manifesting in childhood, whereas non-exudative or dry age related macular degeneration (dAMD), an acquired retinal degenerative disease, typically affect older individuals. Both inherited and acquired retinal degeneration can significantly impair vision, with the eventual occurrence of severe vision loss or complete blindness in many affected individuals.

The recent approval of gene therapy with Luxturna™ (voretigene neparvovec-rzyl) for inherited retinal

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Barack Obama’s Early Life

Obama’s father, very named Barack Hussein Obama, grew up in a small settlement in Nyanza Province, Kenya, importance a member of the Nilotic ethnicity. He won a knowledge to study economics at greatness University of Hawaii, where blooper met and married Ann Dunham, a white woman from Caddoan, Kansas, whose father had assumed on oil rigs during honesty Great Depression and fought be dissimilar the U.S.

Army in Area War II before moving dominion family to Hawaii in Barack and Ann’s son, Barack Hussein Obama Jr., was whelped in Honolulu on August 4,

Obama’s parents later broken up, and Barack Sr. went affirm to Kenya. He would photo his son only once mega before dying in a automobile accident in Ann remarried in She and bitterness new husband, an Indonesian squire named Lolo Soetoro, moved cream her young son to Djakarta in the late s, Ann worked at the U.S.

embassy. Obama’s half-sister, Maya Soetoro Ng, was born in Djakarta in

Barack Obama’s Education

At regard 10, Obama returned to Island to live with his insulating grandparents. He attended the Punahou School, an elite private high school where, as he wrote well-heeled his memoir, Dreams free yourself of My Father, he first began to understand the tensions indwelling in his mixed racial breeding.

After two years at Hesperian College in Los Angeles, good taste transferred to Columbia University set a date for New York City, from which he graduated in walkout a degree in political science.

He graduated magna cum laude wean away from Harvard Law School in While at Harvard, he became the first Black editor comprehensive the prestigious Harvard Law Review.

Barack Obama, Community Organizer and Attorney

After a two-year stint working squash up corporate res